The court found in favour of a landmark class action over Victoria Police’s use of capsicum spray against lead plaintiff Jordan Brown at a protest outside the International Mining and Resources Conference (IMARC) in Melbourne on 30 October 2019.

Her Honour Justice Harris held that police officers’ conduct at the IMARC protest when they twice sprayed Mr Brown with Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) foam, also known as capsicum spray, was an unlawful use of force, constituting battery. The claims of other group members are yet to be resolved.

Phi Finney McDonald together with the Police Accountability Project at Inner Melbourne Community Legal launched the class action in 2022 that examined the ever-broadening scope of police powers, protection of protest rights and Victoria’s human rights laws.

Mr Brown and class members alleged they suffered harm as a result of being sprayed with capsicum foam.

“The batteries caused by physical injury to the plaintiff were a material contributor to the plaintiff’s psychological injury,” Justice Harris said.

The evidence before the court “established that OC aerosols are a weapon which can cause painful effects on persons on whom it is deployed, including acute burning to the skin, painful eye irritation and the potential to cause breathing difficulties. It can also cause acute panic and confusion”.

She said he also suffered ongoing psychological injury, including depression, anxiety and stress.

She awarded Mr Brown $54,000 in damages in recognition that the incidents were “likely to increase his distress and humiliation”.

It was not open to the court to grant declarations with respect to the conduct of individual police officers for a breach of the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006.

However, her Honour made factual findings that the “deliberate deployment of OC foam on the plaintiff constituted cruel inhuman or degrading treatment” within the meaning of the charter, limiting his “right to peaceful assembly” and “did not satisfy the requirements of proportionality and justification”.

Background

Between 29 and 31 October 2019, a large number of protestors demonstrated outside the IMARC conference in Melbourne to oppose the mining industry’s violation of human rights, dispossession of First Nations people, exploitation of workers and to highlight climate justice.

The conduct of Victoria Police drew criticism, including the use of capsicum spray against groups of people exercising their right to protest. OC foam contains an extremely high concentration of capsaicin, a chemical found in chilli peppers, which can cause significant injuries and potentially permanent disabilities.

The claim alleged the use of OC foam on protestors was unlawful and breached the law when used as a coercive tool, or where there is no immediate or proportionate threat to police officers or the public.

Quotes attributed to lead plaintiff Jordan Brown

“Putting up a banner protesting against the expansion of mining companies and technologies that destroy the planet should never be a reason for police to come in and use chemical weapons. Today is a vindication that the police’s conduct was wrong, the system is wrong, and it all needs to change.

This decision is a condemnation of serious police violence. And one that I hope reverberates through the corridors of power to stop these weapons from being used against people peacefully exercising their democratic rights, and to change the culture to one that actually tolerates the right of political communication, democratic values, and makes the human rights charter in Victoria ultimately meaningful.”

Quotes attributed to Grahame Best, Special Counsel at Phi Finney McDonald

“After a hard-fought case, this outcome is a welcome result for Mr Brown and other protestors subjected to unreasonable, unlawful and disproportionate use of police force at the IMARC demonstration in 2019. This has been an important case to test the boundaries of police powers relating to the use of capsicum spray during protests.

Upholding the right to peacefully protest without harm is a key pillar of democracy. Phi Finney McDonald is proud to pursue class actions that ensure public authorities act according to the law, which we see as vital to a functioning democratic society.”

Quotes attributed to Michelle Reynolds, Director of Policy and Advocacy at Inner Melbourne Community Legal/Police Accountability Project

 “This outcome is the result of unflinching courage by Jordan Brown and other victims who were determined to hold police to account for their actions at the IMARC protest. But it would never have needed to be heard in court if Victoria had an effective independent oversight body to investigate police misconduct.

This is an important judgement. When police harm occurs there needs to be consequences, particularly at a time when police have more powers than ever before over people attending protests. For the public to have confidence in Victoria Police, it must take heed of this decision by ensuring that there is enforcement of its rules around the use of capsicum spray and the use of force, and this should be underpinned by independent scrutiny.”

Registering for the class action

You are eligible to register your interest in this class action if you:

1. were present at the IMARC Protest at the Convention Centre in Southbank, Melbourne on 30 October 2019, between 11.44am and 12.35pm; and
2. suffered harm as a result of being sprayed with OC foam by police officers between around 12.10 to 12.35pm.

If you think you are eligible, we encourage you to register now.

Registration is free. Registering is not a commitment to participate in the class action.

All information you provide will be kept strictly confidential by Phi Finney McDonald and Inner Melbourne Legal Centre.

The benefits of registering are:

• You will receive regular updates about the case.
• We can contact you if you become eligible for compensation.
• Information about your experience may help us achieve a better outcome.

Register your interest via the link below, or send your name and contact details to: classactions@phifinneymcdonald.com.

REGISTER NOW

How a class action works

A class action is a case led by one or more people on behalf of a group of other people, called “group members”.

Class actions can be an efficient way of allowing people to make a claim against the one defendant. A class action can be a viable way of taking legal action when an individual claim is not because factors such as cost or resources.

If a class action is unsuccessful, group members are not typically liable for the costs of the defendant. This mean that class actions can level the playing field against well-resourced defendants.

The case is being run by Phi Finney McDonald and Inner Melbourne Community Legal on a ‘No-Win, No-Fee basis’.

This means that group members participating in the IMARC class action will not be out of pocket for legal cost incurred in the conduct of the case.

About the case

Between 29 and 31 October 2019, protestors demonstrated outside the IMARC conference in Melbourne to oppose the mining industry’s violation of human rights, dispossession of First Nations people, exploitation of workers and to highlight climate justice.

The demonstration drew a significant number of protestors and a large police presence. The conduct of Victoria Police drew criticism, including in relation to the use of capsicum spray against groups of people exercising their right to protest.

Capsicum spray, known as Oleoresin Capsicum foam (OC foam), contains an extremely high concentration of capsaicin, a chemical found in chilli peppers, which can cause significant injuries and potentially permanent disabilities.

The claim alleges that the use of OC foam on protestors was unlawful, and argues the use of OC foam breaches the law when used as a coercive tool, or where there is no immediate or proportionate threat to police officers or the public.

In addition to seeking compensation for any eligible person who attended the IMARC protests, the class action aims to protect the right to protest without fear of heavy-handed police tactics and to get the court’s view on the circumstances in which police are authorised to use OC foam.

The class action also seeks to highlight important issues such as the ever-broadening scope of police powers, protection of protest rights and the scope of the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006.